CPT code library

98940: Chiropractic manipulative treatment, spinal, one to two regions

Category: Spinal CMT

What 98940 covers

The base spinal adjustment code, used when chiropractic manipulative treatment addresses one or two of the five spinal regions (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and pelvic).

How it works in a chiropractic practice

The workhorse for focused complaints: an acute cervical case, an isolated lumbar flare. The region count on the claim must match the regions documented as both subluxated and treated, which is where most 98940 problems start. Upcoding pressure runs the other way; billing 98941 when only two regions were genuinely assessed and treated is one of the fastest audit magnets in chiropractic.

What the note must show

A worked example

A patient presents with cervical pain after a rear end collision. The exam documents subluxation findings at C5 and C6 only. The correct code is 98940 with a cervical diagnosis. Billing 98941 because the doctor also briefly checked the thoracic spine, without documented findings and treatment there, turns a clean visit into an upcoding finding in a records review.

What the authorities say

Chiropractic claims draw exceptional scrutiny: the HHS Office of Inspector General reported chiropractic services carry the highest improper payment rate among Medicare Part B services, driven largely by maintenance care billed as active treatment and by documentation that does not support what was billed.

Medicare rules

Medicare covers spinal CMT codes and nothing else billed by a chiropractor. Active treatment requires the AT modifier; maintenance care requires an ABN and the GA modifier with the patient paying. The coverage rules live in the Benefit Policy Manual, Chapter 15, section 240.

Where practices get burned

Region counts that do not match the documented findings; missing AT on Medicare claims; diagnosis pointers that do not cover the regions billed.

How Cervica helps with 98940

Cervica's claim scrubber validates modifiers, units, and diagnosis pointers for 98940 before submission, per payer rules handle code substitutions and modifier requirements automatically, and when a payer pushes back anyway the denial worklist reads the adjustment codes and routes the claim to the exact fix.

Related codes

  • 98941 · Chiropractic manipulative treatment, spinal, three to four regions
  • 98942 · Chiropractic manipulative treatment, spinal, five regions
  • 98943 · Chiropractic manipulative treatment, extraspinal
  • CO-16 · the denial this code most often triggers
  • CO-11 · the denial this code most often triggers
  • CO-50 · the denial this code most often triggers

References

  1. CMS, Medicare Benefit Policy Manual, Chapter 15 (chiropractic coverage, section 240)
  2. CMS, Medicare Claims Processing Manual, Chapter 12 (chiropractic billing, section 220)
  3. HHS Office of Inspector General, OEI-01-14-00200: CMS Should Use Targeted Tactics to Curb Questionable and Inappropriate Payments for Chiropractic Services (September 2015)

General information for billing teams, not legal, coding, or payer specific advice. CPT is a registered trademark of the American Medical Association; code descriptions here are paraphrased in our own words and the AMA's CPT publications control. Payer policies vary and control for any individual claim.

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